Class 10 Social Science - ICSE-HISTORY-CIVICS
History: Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement
The chapter Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement in Class 10 ICSE History & Civics explores the Gandhian era of India's freedom struggle from 1915 to 1947. It highlights Gandhi's philosophy of Satyagraha and Ahimsa, and major mass movements like the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and the Quit India Movement. Students will learn about the transformation of the Indian National Movement into a mass-based struggle involving peasants, workers, and women. This is a high-scoring and critical chapter for board exams, frequently featuring direct questions on the causes, programmes, and impact of these national movements.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Satyagraha
Mahatma Gandhi's core philosophy of fighting injustice through passive resistance, truth, and non-violent means.
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922)
A mass movement launched by Gandhi involving the boycott of British goods, titles, and institutions, which was abruptly called off after the Chauri Chaura incident.
Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934)
A movement initiated with the historic Dandi March to break the unjust salt laws, marking a direct challenge to British authority.
Quit India Movement (1942)
The final mass struggle launched during World War II with the 'Do or Die' slogan, demanding an immediate end to British rule in India.
Significance of Gandhi's Leadership
Gandhi united diverse sections of Indian society, bridging the gap between elites and the masses, and making the freedom struggle a truly national movement.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the ICSE History & Civics Class 10 board examination, this chapter is part of the Civics and History section, typically carrying around 8 to 12 marks. Questions frequently appear as structured/short-answer questions and pictorial or source-based questions regarding the Dandi March, Jallianwala Bagh, or the signing of various pacts.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did Mahatma Gandhi withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Gandhi withdrew the movement in February 1922 due to the violent Chauri Chaura incident in Uttar Pradesh, where a mob set a police station on fire, killing 22 policemen, which violated his principle of non-violence.
What was the main significance of the Dandi March?
The Dandi March marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement. By manufacturing salt, Gandhi and his followers openly defied a British monopoly tax, inspiring millions across India to break colonial laws.
How did Gandhi transform the Indian National Movement?
Gandhi transformed the movement from an elite-driven petitioning exercise into a mass-based struggle by taking nationalist ideas to peasants, workers, and women, emphasizing self-reliance and Hindu-Muslim unity.
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