Class 10 Social Science - GUJARAT
History: The Age of Industrialisation
The chapter 'History: The Age of Industrialisation' for Class 10 Gujarat (GSEB) explores the period before the factory system, known as proto-industrialisation, and traces the rapid rise of modern industries in Britain and India. Students will understand how hand labour and steam power coexisted, the dominance of Indian textiles in global markets before British colonization, and how colonial rule ruined traditional Indian artisans and weavers. It highlights the introduction of factories, the role of Indian entrepreneurs, and the unique patterns of industrial growth in colonies. This chapter holds significant weight in board exams for long and short-answer questions.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Proto-Industrialisation
A phase of industrialisation before the factory system, where large-scale industrial production for an international market took place in the countryside with the help of merchant networks.
Spinning Jenny
A machine invented by James Hargreaves in 1764 that sped up the spinning process and reduced labor demand, often leading to attacks by anxious handspinners.
Gomasthas
Paid servants appointed by the East India Company to supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth directly in Indian villages.
Jobbers
Trusted workers employed by industrialists in Indian factories to recruit new workers from their home villages, often helping them settle in cities in exchange for money and favors.
Tariff Protection
Imposing heavy duties on imported goods to protect domestic industries from foreign competition, a demand heavily raised by early Indian industrialists.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Gujarat (GSEB) Class 10 Social Science board exam, this chapter typically carries around 4 to 6 marks. Questions usually include objective-type queries (MCQs, fill in the blanks), 2-mark short notes on terms like 'Gomastha' or 'Spinning Jenny', and 3 to 4-mark descriptive questions explaining the decline of Indian textiles or the impact of Manchester imports on India.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did industrial production in India boom during the First World War?
British mills got busy producing war materials, so imports into India fell. This gave Indian industries a vast home market to supply, leading to a major boom in local production.
Who were the Gomasthas and why did weavers clash with them?
Gomasthas were paid agents of the East India Company. Weavers clashed with them because they acted arrogantly, punished weavers for delays, and prevented them from selling to other buyers.
Why did Victorian industrialists prefer hand labour over machines in some sectors?
Machines required huge capital investment and maintenance, and goods produced by machines lacked the intricate designs and variety that seasonal and specialized hand-made goods offered.
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