Class 10 Science - TAMILNADU
Transportation in Plants and Circulation in Animals
This chapter explores the vital transport systems in living organisms. In plants, you will learn how water, minerals, and food are transported through xylem and phloem via processes like transpiration and root pressure. In animals, particularly humans, you will study the circulatory system, including the structure of the heart, blood vessels, composition of blood, and the double circulation mechanism. Understanding these life processes is crucial for scoring well in the Tamil Nadu Samacheer Kalvi Class 10 Science board examinations, as questions frequently test both theoretical concepts and diagram-based applications from this unit.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Xylem and Phloem
Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves, while phloem distributes synthesized food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Transpiration
The evaporation of water from the aerial parts of plants, mainly through stomata, which creates a suction pull to draw water upward.
Ascent of Sap
The upward movement of water and minerals from the roots to the top of the plant against gravity.
Double Circulation
A circulatory system where blood passes through the heart twice during each complete circuit of the body, involving pulmonary and systemic circulation.
Cardiac Cycle
The sequence of events taking place during one heartbeat, consisting of atrial systole, ventricular systole, and joint diastole.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
This chapter typically carries around 6 to 10 marks in the Tamil Nadu (Samacheer Kalvi) Class 10 Science Board Examination. Questions frequently include 1-mark objective questions, 2-mark or 4-mark short answers (such as differences between xylem and phloem, or open and closed circulation), and important 7-mark detailed questions requiring well-labeled diagrams of the human heart or internal structure of a dicot root.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main difference between xylem and phloem?
Xylem transports water and minerals upwards from roots, whereas phloem transports food bi-directionally between leaves and other plant tissues.
Why is double circulation necessary in humans?
It ensures complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, providing a high supply of oxygen to maintain body temperature and high energy levels.
What causes the opening and closing of stomata?
Changes in turgor pressure within the guard cells cause them to swell (opening the stomata) or shrink (closing the stomata).
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