Class 10 Science - CBSE
Control and Coordination
The chapter 'Control and Coordination' in Class 10 Science explores how living organisms maintain homeostasis and respond to environmental stimuli. For plants, you will study tropic movements and plant hormones like auxin and gibberellin. For animals, the focus shifts to the nervous system—comprising the brain, spinal cord, and reflex arcs—along with the endocrine system, which releases hormones like adrenaline and insulin. This chapter is vital for CBSE board exams, typically contributing 5 to 7 marks through both direct theoretical questions and diagram-based problems involving the human brain, neuron structure, and endocrine glands.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc
A reflex action is a sudden, involuntary response to a stimulus. The pathway taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called a reflex arc, which bypasses the brain for a faster response.
Human Nervous System
Divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), which connects the CNS to the rest of the body.
Chemical Coordination in Animals
Coordination brought about by hormones secreted by endocrine glands directly into the blood, regulating slow and long-lasting metabolic processes like growth and blood sugar levels.
Plant Movements (Tropisms)
Directional growth movements in plants in response to environmental stimuli such as light (phototropism), gravity (geotropism), water (hydrotropism), and chemicals (chemotropism).
Plant Hormones (Phytohormones)
Chemical substances like auxins (cell elongation), gibberellins (stem growth), cytokinins (cell division), and abscisic acid (wilting/inhibiting growth) that regulate plant growth and development.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the CBSE Class 10 Science board exam, this chapter generally carries around 5 to 7 marks. Expect questions ranging from 1-mark multiple-choice questions to 3-mark conceptual questions and 5-mark diagram-based questions, particularly on the structure of a neuron, the human brain, or endocrine glands and their deficiencies.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a reflex action and walking?
A reflex action is an involuntary, automatic response controlled mainly by the spinal cord to protect the body from harm, whereas walking is a voluntary action controlled by the conscious part of the forebrain.
Why is the pituitary gland called the master gland?
The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it secretes hormones that control the activities of all other endocrine glands in the body.
How does plant movement differ from animal movement?
Plant movements are mostly growth-dependent (tropic movements) and slow, responding to stimuli directionally. Animal movements are usually rapid locomotion caused by specialized muscular tissue and nervous coordination.
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