Class 10 Science - ANDHRA-PRADESH
Excretion
The chapter 'Excretion' in Class 10 Science explores how living organisms remove harmful metabolic wastes from their bodies to maintain internal balance, known as homeostasis. For Andhra Pradesh (BSEAP) students, this chapter is crucial as it details human excretory systems, kidney structure, the mechanism of urine formation, dialysis, and excretion in plants. Board exams frequently test conceptual diagrams like the nephron and excretory system, along with differences between modes of excretion in animals and plants. Mastering this topic ensures high-scoring answers in both objective and descriptive sections.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Excretion
The biological process of removing toxic metabolic waste products, such as urea, uric acid, and carbon dioxide, from the body of an organism.
Nephron
The structural and functional unit of the human kidney, consisting of a Malpighian body (Bowman's capsule and glomerulus) and a renal tubule, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
Urine Formation
The three-step process in nephrons involving ultrafiltration (filtering blood), selective reabsorption (recovering useful substances), and tubular secretion.
Hemodialysis
An artificial medical process used to filter and purify blood outside the body when both kidneys fail to function properly.
Excretion in Plants
Plants do not have specialized excretory organs; they eliminate waste through transpiration, shedding of leaves, peeling of bark, and storing waste as resins, gums, or crystals.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Andhra Pradesh (BSEAP) Class 10 Science board examinations, the 'Excretion' chapter typically carries around 4 to 6 marks. Questions usually include 1-mark objective questions, 2-mark short answers (like plant excretory products or functions of dialysis), and 4-mark descriptive questions that often require drawing and labeling the internal structure of a human kidney or a nephron.
Frequently Asked Questions
Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste produced in the liver and filtered out by the kidneys in humans.
Why do plants not have excretory organs like animals?
Plants have a much lower metabolic rate compared to animals, produce lesser toxic wastes, and store wastes in dead cells like old leaves or bark which are eventually shed.
What is the function of the glomerulus in the nephron?
The glomerulus acts as a high-pressure filter that performs ultrafiltration, separating water, salts, glucose, and urea from the blood.
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