Class 10 Maths - UP
Probability
The Probability chapter in Class 10 Mathematics under the UPMSP curriculum introduces students to the theoretical approach of probability. Building upon the experimental concepts learned earlier, this chapter teaches how to calculate the exact numerical measure of the likelihood of an event occurring. Students will explore elementary events, complementary events, and problems based on coins, dice, playing cards, and urns. This is a high-scoring and scoring-friendly chapter in the Uttar Pradesh board examinations, frequently featuring direct formula-based questions as well as simple word problems that test logical reasoning and basic arithmetic.
Start Learning FreeKey Concepts
Random Experiment
An experiment whose outcomes cannot be predicted with certainty in advance, even though all possible outcomes are known.
Sample Space
The set of all possible outcomes of a given random experiment, usually denoted by the symbol S.
Elementary Event
An event that has only one single outcome of the experiment. The sum of probabilities of all elementary events of an experiment is 1.
Complementary Event
The event representing 'not E' (denoted as Ē), which consists of all outcomes in the sample space that are not part of event E.
Sure and Impossible Events
An event that is certain to happen has a probability of 1, while an event that cannot possibly happen has a probability of 0.
Important Formulas
Board Exam Info
In the Uttar Pradesh (UPMSP) Class 10 Mathematics board examination, the Probability chapter typically carries around 3 to 5 marks. Questions usually include 1-mark multiple-choice questions (MCQs) regarding probability limits or complementary events, and 2 to 3-mark short-answer questions involving standard problems on cards, dice, or colored balls.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can the probability of any event be negative or greater than 1?
No, the probability of any event always lies between 0 and 1 (inclusive).
How many face cards are there in a standard deck of 52 playing cards?
There are 12 face cards in total: 4 Kings, 4 Queens, and 4 Jacks.
What is the sum of the probabilities of all possible outcomes of an event?
The sum of the probabilities of all elementary events of a random experiment is always equal to 1.
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