संक्षेप में: RBSE Class 10 Science = 80 marks theory + 20 marks practical। Practical exam January 2027 (theory से पहले) में होता है। 20 marks = experiments (8) + spotting (4) + viva (4) + practical record/project (4)। ये 20 marks सबसे easy marks हैं अगर preparation सही हो। इस guide में important experiments list, step-by-step procedure, spotting items with identification, 30 most asked viva questions with answers, practical record format, और full marks strategy Hindi में दी गई है।
Practical Exam Structure — 20 Marks
| Component | Marks | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Experiments | 8 | 2 experiments perform करने हैं |
| Spotting | 4 | 4 specimens/slides identify करने हैं |
| Viva Voce | 4 | Oral questions — teacher पूछेगा |
| Practical Record + Project | 4 | File/notebook + project marks |
| कुल | 20 | January 2027 (theory से पहले) |
Practical Exam Timeline
| Event | When |
|---|---|
| Practical file submission | December end / January start |
| Practical exam dates | January 2027 (school decides) |
| Theory board exam | February-March 2027 |
Important Experiments — Physics
Experiment 1: Ohm's Law Verification (★★★ Most Important)
Aim: Ohm's Law verify करना — V = IR
Apparatus: Battery, ammeter, voltmeter, resistance wire, rheostat, key, connecting wires
Procedure Hindi में:
- Circuit diagram के अनुसार connection करो
- Key बंद करके ammeter reading (I) और voltmeter reading (V) note करो
- Rheostat से current change करो
- 5 readings लो
- V/I ratio calculate करो — constant आना चाहिए = Resistance
Observation Table:
| S.No. | Voltmeter Reading (V) | Ammeter Reading (I) | V/I = R (Ω) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 5.0 |
| 2 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 5.0 |
| 3 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 5.0 |
| 4 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 5.0 |
| 5 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 5.0 |
Result: V/I constant है, इसलिए Ohm's Law verified। R = 5.0 Ω
Graph: V (Y-axis) vs I (X-axis) — straight line passing through origin
Experiment 2: Focal Length of Concave Mirror
Aim: अवतल दर्पण (concave mirror) की focal length ज्ञात करना
Method: Distant object method — window/tree को object बनाओ
Experiment 3: Glass Slab Refraction
Aim: काँच की पट्टी (glass slab) से अपवर्तन observe करना
Key observation: Emergent ray, incident ray के parallel होती है लेकिन laterally displaced
Experiment 4: Convex Lens Focal Length
Aim: उत्तल लेंस (convex lens) की focal length ज्ञात करना
Important Experiments — Chemistry
Experiment 5: Acids and Bases Testing (★★★)
Aim: Acids और bases का litmus paper, pH paper से testing
Procedure:
- Test tubes में different solutions लो (HCl, NaOH, vinegar, lemon juice, soap solution)
- Blue litmus paper डालो — acid में red होगा
- Red litmus paper डालो — base में blue होगा
- pH paper से test करो — pH value note करो
Observation Table:
| Solution | Blue Litmus | Red Litmus | pH | Nature |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl (dilute) | Red | No change | 1-2 | Strong acid |
| NaOH | No change | Blue | 13-14 | Strong base |
| Vinegar | Red | No change | 3-4 | Weak acid |
| Lemon juice | Red | No change | 2-3 | Acid |
| Soap solution | No change | Blue | 8-10 | Base |
Experiment 6: Chemical Reactions Types
Aim: रासायनिक अभिक्रियाओं के types observe करना
Reactions to perform:
- Combination: Fe + S → FeS (burning)
- Decomposition: FeSO₄ (green) → Fe₂O₃ (brown) + SO₂ + SO₃ (on heating)
- Displacement: Fe + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu (iron nail in CuSO₄)
- Double displacement: Na₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ → BaSO₄↓ + 2NaCl
Experiment 7: CO₂ Gas Properties
Aim: CO₂ gas बनाना और properties test करना
Method: CaCO₃ + HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂↑
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Important Experiments — Biology
Experiment 8: Stomata Observation (★★★)
Aim: पत्ती के stomata (रंध्र) observe करना
Procedure:
- Rhoeo या lily पत्ती का lower epidermis peel करो
- Safranin से stain करो
- Slide बनाओ — cover slip लगाओ
- Microscope से observe करो
- Guard cells और stomatal pore identify करो
- Diagram बनाओ
Experiment 9: Budding in Yeast
Aim: Yeast में budding (मुकुलन) observe करना
Experiment 10: Binary Fission in Amoeba (Slide)
Aim: Amoeba में binary fission observe करना
Spotting — 4 Items Identify
Biology Spotting Items
| Item | Identification | Key Feature |
|---|---|---|
| Binary fission in Amoeba | Permanent slide | Nucleus dividing, cell constricting |
| Budding in Yeast | Temporary/permanent slide | Small buds on parent cell |
| Stomata | Leaf peel slide | Guard cells + pore |
| Homologous organs | Chart/model | Same origin, different function |
| Analogous organs | Chart/model | Different origin, same function |
| Germinating seeds | Specimen | Radicle + plumule visible |
Physics Spotting Items
| Item | Identification |
|---|---|
| Concave mirror | Reflecting surface curves inward |
| Convex mirror | Reflecting surface curves outward |
| Concave lens | Thin at centre, thick at edges |
| Convex lens | Thick at centre, thin at edges |
| Prism | Triangular glass body |
| Ammeter | Connected in series, low resistance |
| Voltmeter | Connected in parallel, high resistance |
Chemistry Spotting Items
| Item | Identification |
|---|---|
| pH paper | Colour matching with pH scale |
| Litmus paper | Blue → red (acid), red → blue (base) |
| Zinc granules | Silver-grey metal pieces |
| Copper sulphate solution | Blue colour |
Viva Questions — 30 Most Asked (Hindi में)
Physics Viva
| # | Question | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ohm's Law क्या है? | V = IR (voltage = current × resistance) |
| 2 | Ammeter कैसे connect करते हैं? | Series में — circuit में current measure करने |
| 3 | Voltmeter कैसे connect करते हैं? | Parallel में — potential difference measure करने |
| 4 | अवतल दर्पण (concave) और उत्तल दर्पण (convex) में difference? | Concave = converging, Convex = diverging |
| 5 | Focal length और radius of curvature का relation? | f = R/2 |
| 6 | Snell's Law क्या है? | n₁ sin i = n₂ sin r |
| 7 | Total internal reflection कब होता है? | जब light denser → rarer medium, angle > critical angle |
| 8 | Resistance किस पर depend करता है? | Length (l), cross-section area (A), material (ρ) |
Chemistry Viva
| # | Question | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 9 | pH scale range क्या है? | 0-14 (0 = strong acid, 14 = strong base, 7 = neutral) |
| 10 | Indicator क्या होता है? | Chemical जो acid/base की presence बताता है |
| 11 | Litmus किससे बनता है? | Lichen (शैवाल) से |
| 12 | Exothermic reaction example? | CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + heat |
| 13 | Endothermic reaction example? | CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ (heat required) |
| 14 | Displacement reaction example? | Fe + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu |
| 15 | रासायनिक अभिक्रिया की पहचान? | Colour change, gas evolution, precipitate, temperature change |
Biology Viva
| # | Question | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 16 | Stomata का function क्या है? | Gas exchange (CO₂ in, O₂ out) + transpiration |
| 17 | Guard cells क्या करती हैं? | Stomata open/close regulate करती हैं |
| 18 | Binary fission क्या है? | Organism 2 equal parts में divide — Amoeba |
| 19 | Budding क्या है? | Parent body से bud निकलता है — Yeast, Hydra |
| 20 | Homologous organs example? | Human hand, whale flipper, bat wing |
| 21 | Analogous organs example? | Bird wing, butterfly wing |
| 22 | Photosynthesis equation? | 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ |
| 23 | Respiration equation? | C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy |
General Viva
| # | Question | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 24 | Lab में safety rules? | Apron पहनो, chemicals carefully handle, teacher permission |
| 25 | Test tube कैसे heat करें? | Mouth away from face, gentle heating, holder use |
| 26 | Microscope कैसे use करें? | Low power → focus → high power → fine focus |
| 27 | SI unit of current? | Ampere (A) |
| 28 | SI unit of resistance? | Ohm (Ω) |
| 29 | Acid rain क्या है? | SO₂, NO₂ gases + rain water = acidic rain (pH < 5.6) |
| 30 | Ozone layer importance? | UV radiation absorb करती है — protects life |
Practical Record Format
Every Experiment में ये लिखो:
| Section | Content |
|---|---|
| Experiment No. | Serial number |
| Date | Experiment perform date |
| Aim | क्या prove/find करना है |
| Apparatus | सारे instruments list |
| Theory | Brief concept (3-4 lines) |
| Circuit/Setup Diagram | Neat labelled diagram |
| Procedure | Step-by-step numbered |
| Observation Table | Tabulated readings |
| Calculation | Formula + values + result |
| Result | Final answer / conclusion |
| Precautions | 3-4 precautions |
Full Marks Strategy
| Strategy | Details |
|---|---|
| Record file neat | Clean handwriting, diagrams neat |
| All experiments complete | कोई experiment miss मत करो |
| Viva answers prepared | 30 questions Hindi में याद करो |
| Lab practice | Exam से 1 week पहले lab में practice |
| Diagrams ready | Circuit diagrams, setup diagrams memorise |
| Confidence | Viva में confident रहो — teacher marks generous देते हैं |
Frequently Asked Questions
Practical exam कब होता है?
January 2027 में — theory board exam (Feb-Mar) से पहले। Exact dates school decide करता है। RBSE syllabus के अनुसार practicals January में complete होने चाहिए। School principal practical exam schedule announce करता है।
Practical में fail हो सकते हैं?
Practical में fail होना बहुत rare है। 20 marks में 33% = 6.6 marks pass। Record file (4 marks) + viva basic answers (2 marks) + experiment attempt (2 marks) = 8 marks minimum easily। लेकिन अगर record file ही submit नहीं की तो problem हो सकती है।
Record file कैसी बनाएं?
A4 size practical file use करो। हर experiment proper format में लिखो (aim, apparatus, procedure, observation, result, precautions)। Diagrams pencil से बनाओ, labels pen से। Index page बनाओ। Teacher signature लो हर experiment पर। Neat handwriting = better marks।
Viva में English या Hindi — कौनसी language?
Hindi में answer दे सकते हो — RBSE Hindi medium accept करता है। Technical terms English में बोलो (Ohm's Law, stomata, pH) बाकी explanation Hindi में। Teacher comfortable language में answer accept करता है। Confidence ज़्यादा important है language से।
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