Haryana Board Class 10 HBSE Important Questions 2027 - Subject Wise Expected Questions

In short: Haryana Board (HBSE/BSEH) Class 10 exams follow an NCERT-based syllabus. Most subjects carry 80 marks theory, but Science has 60 marks theory plus 20 marks practical. Passing requires 33%. The exam is expected in February-March 2027. This guide covers the most expected questions across all subjects — Maths, Science, Social Science, English, and Hindi — with special attention to the practical component in Science.

HBSE Class 10 Exam Pattern

The Science practical exam is separate and held before theory exams — typically in January. Prepare for it early. Theory exams for all subjects are in the February-March window.

Mathematics Important Questions (80 marks theory)

Real Numbers and Polynomials (10-12 marks)

• Prove that √5 is irrational. (3 marks)
• Find the HCF and LCM of 306 and 657. Verify that HCF × LCM = product of numbers. (3 marks)
• Find the zeroes of 2x² + 3x - 2 and verify the relationship between zeroes and coefficients. (3 marks)
• Divide 3x³ + x² + 2x + 5 by 1 + 2x + x² and find quotient and remainder. (3 marks)

Algebra — Equations and AP (15-18 marks)

• Solve: 2x + 3y = 11 and 2x - 4y = -24 by substitution method. (3 marks)
• A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. Had the speed been 5 km/hr more, it would have taken 1 hour less. Find the speed. (5 marks)
• The first term of an AP is 5 and the last term is 45. If the sum of all terms is 400, find the number of terms and common difference. (5 marks)
• Find the sum of first 24 terms of the AP whose nth term is 3 + 2n. (3 marks)

Geometry (15-18 marks)

• State and prove that the ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides. (5 marks)
• Prove that the tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact. (5 marks)
• Draw a line segment of 7.6 cm and divide it in the ratio 5:8. Measure the two parts. (3 marks)
• Construct a triangle with sides 5, 6, 7 cm and then construct another triangle whose sides are 7/5 of the corresponding sides. (3 marks)
• PQ is a chord of length 8 cm of a circle of radius 5 cm. Find the distance of PQ from the centre. (2 marks)

Trigonometry (12-15 marks)

• Prove: (cosec A - sin A)(sec A - cos A) = 1/(tan A + cot A). (5 marks)
• The angle of elevation of the top of a building from the foot of a tower is 30° and the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the building is 60°. If the tower is 50 m high, find the height of the building. (5 marks)
• Evaluate: 2 tan²45° + cos²30° - sin²60°. (2 marks)
• If cos A = 12/13, find sin A and tan A. (2 marks)

Statistics and Probability (10-12 marks)

• Find the mean of the following grouped data using the step-deviation method: [frequency distribution table]. (5 marks)
• Draw a "less than ogive" for the given data and find the median. (5 marks)
• A bag has 15 white and 10 black balls. A ball is drawn at random. Find: (a) P(white), (b) P(not white). (2 marks)

Coordinate Geometry (6-8 marks)

• Find the ratio in which the point (-3, p) divides the line segment joining (-5, -4) and (-2, 3). Also find the value of p. (3 marks)
• Prove that the points (2, -2), (-2, 1), (5, 2) are the vertices of a right-angled triangle. Find its area. (3 marks)

Mensuration (8-10 marks)

• A medicine capsule is in the shape of a cylinder with two hemispheres stuck to each end. The length is 14 mm and diameter is 5 mm. Find the surface area. (5 marks)
• Water flows through a cylindrical pipe of internal diameter 7 cm at 36 km/hr. Find the volume of water that flows in 15 minutes. (3 marks)

For chapter-wise marks distribution, see Haryana Board Maths weightage and Haryana Board Science weightage.

Science Important Questions (60 marks theory + 20 practical)

Physics (20-22 marks theory)

• Electricity: Three resistors of 5Ω, 10Ω, and 15Ω are connected in series to a 30V battery. Find: (a) total resistance, (b) current through the circuit, (c) voltage across each resistor, (d) power dissipated in the 10Ω resistor. (5 marks)
• Light: An object of height 6 cm is placed at 30 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Find image distance, nature, and height. (3 marks)
• Magnetic Effects: Draw a labelled diagram of an AC generator. Explain its working. Why does the current alternate? (5 marks)
• Human Eye: What is the spectrum of white light? Explain the cause of dispersion. Draw a diagram showing dispersion through a prism. (3 marks)

Chemistry (20-22 marks theory)

• Chemical Reactions: What is a redox reaction? Identify the substance oxidised and reduced in: ZnO + C → Zn + CO. Write balanced equations for three different types of chemical reactions. (5 marks)
• Acids, Bases, Salts: Explain what happens when: (a) dilute HCl is added to zinc granules, (b) sodium hydroxide solution is added to dilute HCl, (c) zinc metal is added to copper sulphate solution. Write equations. (5 marks)
• Metals and Non-Metals: What are alloys? Give three examples with composition and uses. Why are alloys preferred over pure metals? (3 marks)
• Carbon Compounds: Write structural formulae and IUPAC names of methanol, methanal, methanoic acid, and propanone. What is a functional group? (3 marks)
• Periodic Classification: What are Newlands' octaves? Why did they fail? How did Mendeleev's periodic table overcome these limitations? (3 marks)

Biology (18-20 marks theory)

• Life Processes: Draw a neat labelled diagram of the human respiratory system. Explain the mechanism of breathing — inspiration and expiration. What is the role of haemoglobin? (5 marks)
• Reproduction: What is the significance of DNA copying in reproduction? Explain how variations occur during reproduction and why they are important for evolution. (3 marks)
• Heredity: A tall pea plant (TT) is crossed with a short pea plant (tt). What will be the phenotype and genotype of F1? If F1 plants are self-crossed, show the F2 generation using a Punnett square. (5 marks)
• Our Environment: What is biological magnification? Explain with a food chain showing how pesticide concentration increases at each trophic level. (3 marks)
• Control and Coordination: What is the difference between the nervous system and the hormonal system in humans? Give examples of hormones secreted by the pituitary and thyroid glands. (3 marks)

Science Practical Exam (20 marks)

The practical exam covers experiments from the NCERT syllabus. Common experiments include:

• Finding the focal length of a concave mirror and convex lens
• Studying the properties of acids and bases using indicators
• Preparing temporary slides of leaf peel for stomata
• Determining the pH of given solutions using pH paper
• Verifying Ohm's law using voltmeter and ammeter

Prepare the aim, materials, procedure, observation, and result format for each experiment. Viva questions are based on the theory behind each experiment.

Social Science Important Questions (80 marks theory)

History (20 marks)

• Describe the Civil Disobedience Movement. How was it different from the Non-Cooperation Movement? (5 marks)
• Explain the causes of World War I. What were its effects on India? (5 marks)
• How did the print culture spread in India? What role did Indian reformers play? (5 marks)

Geography (20 marks)

• Describe the major types of farming in India. Differentiate between subsistence and commercial farming with examples. (5 marks)
• Map work: locate and label rivers (Ganga, Godavari, Krishna, Narmada), dams, mineral deposits, and industrial centres. (5 marks)
• Explain the types of soil found in India. What are the methods of soil conservation? (5 marks)

Civics (20 marks)

• What are the key features of Indian federalism? How is power shared between Centre and States? (5 marks)
• What are the challenges faced by political parties in India? Suggest reforms. (5 marks)
• How do social divisions affect democracy? Explain with Indian examples. (3 marks)

Economics (20 marks)

• What is globalisation? How has it affected India? Discuss both positive and negative impacts. (5 marks)
• Explain the difference between formal and informal sectors of credit. Why do poor households depend on informal credit? (5 marks)
• What is sustainable development? Why is it important? Give examples. (3 marks)

Hindi Important Questions (80 marks theory)

Gadya (Prose) — 20 marks

• दिए गए गद्यांश की संदर्भ सहित व्याख्या करो। (Context explanation of given passage.) (5 marks)
• पाठ का सारांश अपने शब्दों में लिखो। (Summary of the lesson.) (5 marks)

Padya (Poetry) — 15 marks

• कविता का केंद्रीय भाव और कवि का उद्देश्य लिखो। (Central theme and poet's purpose.) (5 marks)
• दिए गए पद्यांश की सप्रसंग व्याख्या करो। (Context explanation of given stanza.) (3 marks)

Vyakaran (Grammar) — 25 marks

• समास — दिए गए शब्दों का समास विग्रह करो और समास का नाम लिखो। (Compound words.) (5 marks)
• मुहावरे और लोकोक्तियाँ — वाक्यों में प्रयोग करो। (Idioms in sentences.) (3 marks)
• विलोम शब्द और पर्यायवाची शब्द। (Antonyms and synonyms.) (2 marks)

Rachna (Composition) — 20 marks

• पत्र लेखन — औपचारिक पत्र। (Formal letter writing.) (5 marks)
• निबंध लेखन — दिए गए विषय पर 250 शब्दों में। (Essay writing.) (5 marks)
• अनुच्छेद लेखन — 100 शब्दों में। (Paragraph writing.) (3 marks)

English Important Questions (80 marks theory)

Comprehension and Literature (30-35 marks)

• Read the unseen passage and answer questions based on it. (5 marks)
• Answer context questions from prescribed prose: identify speaker, explain significance. (2 marks each)
• Write the character sketch of a given character from the textbook. (5 marks)
• Explain the central idea of the given poem. (5 marks)

Grammar (25-30 marks)

• Transform sentences: Active to Passive Voice. (5 marks)
• Change narration: Direct to Indirect Speech. (5 marks)
• Fill in the blanks: prepositions, articles, correct tense forms. (5 marks)
• Rewrite sentences as directed: combine sentences, change degree. (5 marks)

Composition (15-20 marks)

• Write a formal letter to the principal requesting permission for a school trip. (5 marks)
• Write a paragraph on a given topic in 100-120 words. (5 marks)
• Notice writing / message writing / diary entry. (5 marks)

Priority Chapters — Marks Impact

Last 30 Days Strategy

For answer writing strategies and managing exam fear, check our detailed guides.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the HBSE Class 10 syllabus same as CBSE?

HBSE follows NCERT textbooks, so the syllabus is substantially the same as CBSE. You can use CBSE resources for additional practice. The main difference is in the exam pattern and marking scheme.

Why does Science have only 60 marks theory?

Science has a 20-mark practical component conducted separately. This means the theory paper is shorter. Prepare well for practicals — they are relatively easy marks.

What is the passing criterion?

You need 33% overall. For Science, this means combined passing across theory and practical. There is no separate passing requirement for theory vs practical.

How important are Hindi and English papers?

Language papers carry 80 marks each and are equally important. Grammar sections are the most predictable and scorable. Prioritise grammar + composition for quick marks.

Should I attempt the paper in Hindi or English?

Answer in whichever medium you are more comfortable writing detailed answers in. For Science and Maths, the content is the same. For Social Science, some students find Hindi easier for expressing answers.

How do I prepare for Science practicals?

Know the aim, materials, procedure, and expected result for each NCERT experiment. Practice the actual experiments if your school allows. Prepare for viva questions based on the theory behind each experiment.

Related Guides

• Haryana Board Class 10 Maths Weightage
• Haryana Board Class 10 Science Weightage
• Haryana Board Class 10 Social Science Weightage
• Board Exam Answer Sheet Writing Strategy
• Board Exam Time Management Strategy
• Bihar Board Class 10 Important Questions

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