Class 10 Science All Formulas — Physics Chemistry Biology Complete 2027
Class 10 Science all formulas in one page: Physics (Electricity, Light, Magnetism), Chemistry (all balanced equations, pH scale, reactivity series), Biology (photosynthesis, respiration). Table format for quick revision 2027.
In short: Every formula you need for Class 10 Science — Physics, Chemistry, and Biology — organized in tables you can bookmark and revise daily. No explanations, no fluff. Just the formulas, units, and quick-reference data. Print it, save it, use it before every exam.
Physics — Electricity
Formula
Expression
Where Used
Ohm's Law
V = IR
Basic circuit calculations
Current
I = Q/t
Charge flow per second
Resistance (Resistivity)
R = ρl/A
Wire resistance from material
Power (Basic)
P = VI
Power consumed by device
Power (Current form)
P = I²R
When voltage unknown
Power (Voltage form)
P = V²/R
When current unknown
Energy consumed
E = Pt = VIt
Electricity bill calculations
1 kWh
1 kWh = 3.6 × 10⁶ J
Unit conversion
Series Resistance
R_total = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
Resistors in series
Parallel Resistance
1/R_total = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃
Resistors in parallel
Heating effect
H = I²Rt
Joule's law of heating
Electricity — Key Values to Remember
Quantity
Symbol
SI Unit
Current
I
Ampere (A)
Voltage
V
Volt (V)
Resistance
R
Ohm (Ω)
Power
P
Watt (W)
Energy
E
Joule (J) or kWh
Resistivity
ρ
Ω·m
Charge
Q
Coulomb (C)
Physics — Light: Reflection and Refraction
Formula
Expression
Meaning
Mirror formula
1/f = 1/v + 1/u
Relates focal length, image, object distance
Magnification (mirror)
m = -v/u
Negative = inverted image
Magnification (size)
m = h'/h
Image height / Object height
Lens formula
1/f = 1/v - 1/u
Same variables, different sign
Magnification (lens)
m = v/u
Positive = erect image
Power of lens
P = 1/f (in metres)
Unit: Dioptre (D)
Snell's Law
n = sin i / sin r
Refractive index
Refractive index (speed)
n = c/v
Speed of light ratio
Combined power
P = P₁ + P₂
Lenses in contact
Sign Convention (New Cartesian)
Quantity
Concave Mirror
Convex Mirror
Concave Lens
Convex Lens
Object distance (u)
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Focal length (f)
Negative
Positive
Negative
Positive
Image (real)
Negative
—
—
Negative
Image (virtual)
Positive
Positive
Positive
Positive
Physics — Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Concept
Formula / Rule
Application
Force on conductor
F = BIL
Conductor in magnetic field
Fleming's Left Hand Rule
Thumb=Force, Index=Field, Middle=Current
Direction of force on conductor
Fleming's Right Hand Rule
Thumb=Motion, Index=Field, Middle=Current
Direction of induced current
Electromagnetic induction
EMF induced when flux changes
Generator principle
Transformer ratio
V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p
Step-up / Step-down
DC Motor principle
Current-carrying conductor in magnetic field experiences force
Electric motor
Generator principle
Conductor moving in magnetic field induces EMF
AC/DC generator
Chemistry — Chemical Reactions and Equations
Reaction Type
General Form
Example (Balanced)
Combination
A + B → AB
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
Decomposition
AB → A + B
2FeSO₄ → Fe₂O₃ + SO₂ + SO₃
Displacement
A + BC → AC + B
Fe + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu
Double Displacement
AB + CD → AD + CB
Na₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ → BaSO₄ + 2NaCl
Neutralization
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
Combustion
Fuel + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O
Thermal decomposition
CaCO₃ →(heat) CaO + CO₂
Limestone decomposition
Electrolytic decomposition
2H₂O →(electricity) 2H₂ + O₂
Water electrolysis
Photolytic decomposition
2AgCl →(sunlight) 2Ag + Cl₂
Silver chloride in light
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Q1. How many formulas are there in Class 10 Science?
Across Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, there are roughly 80-100 formulas, equations, and key relationships. Physics (Electricity + Light + Magnetism) has about 30 formulas. Chemistry has 25+ balanced equations. Biology has 15+ key processes and equations.
Q2. Which Physics chapter has the most formulas?
Electricity has the most formulas in Class 10 Physics — around 12 core formulas including Ohm's Law, Power equations, series/parallel combinations, and energy calculations.
Q3. Do I need to memorize all chemical equations?
Yes, for board exams you should know all the balanced chemical equations listed in NCERT. Examiners check for correct balancing, state symbols, and conditions (heat, sunlight, etc.).
Q4. Is the photosynthesis equation important for boards?
Very important. The balanced equation 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ appears in multiple question types — MCQs, short answers, and diagram-based questions.
Q5. How should I revise these formulas daily?
Write each formula 3 times from memory every morning. Use the tables in this page as a checklist — cover the formula column and try to recall. Mark the ones you miss and focus on those the next day.
Q6. Are these formulas enough for the 2027 board exam?
These formulas cover the complete NCERT syllabus for Class 10 Science. For CBSE, State Boards, and ICSE, the core formulas are the same. Some boards may have additional topics — always cross-check with your board's syllabus.
